The north-eastern part of West Bengal witnessed a series of changes in its social, demographic and economical fabric along with the partition of India. Merger of princely State of Cooch Behar with West Bengal, conversion from a state to a district, created some kind discontent among the Rajbangshi community. That was aggravated by influx of refugees putting a pressure on the resources. The neglect over decades by the successive government on their socio-economic development led to unrest in the ethnic line. The primary objective of this study is to examine the origin and development of Kamtapur movements led by Rajbanshis from ethno-historical, geographical and environmental perspective.